Method and system for ultrasonic sealing of food product packaging

ABSTRACT

A method and system for ultrasonic sealing of food product packaging is provided. The ultrasonic sealing system preferably includes a food product packaging-positioning system that delivers food product packaging and food product into direct on-item-packaging forming box. The direct on-item-packaging forming box then receives the food product packaging and forms it directly around the supplied food product forming a partially packaged food product. The partially packaged food product is then ultrasonically edge sealed around the food product by an ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit forming a partially sealed food product packaging. The partially sealed food product packaging then enters a food product packaging end-sealing unit which ultrasonically seals and crimps the ends of the food product packaging resulting in a fully packaged and ultrasonically sealed food product.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 09/884,808, filed Jun. 19, 2001, entitled “Method and System forUltrasonic Sealing of Food Product Packaging,” which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention generally relates to a method and systemfor ultrasonic sealing of food product packaging. In particular, thepresent invention relates to a method and system for directly formingand ultrasonically sealing food product packaging around a food product.

[0003] Food products are typically packaged in packaging materials fordistribution to consumer markets. The food product packaging materialstypically may include plastic films, foil wrapping, or paper-basedpackaging materials. In practice, food products are introduced into thepackaging material and the packaging material is then sealed to includethe food product. Conventionally, many methods may be employed to sealthe packaging material.

[0004] Traditionally, food product packaging materials may be sealedusing either cold glue-based sealing methods or thermal-based sealingmethods. Cold glue sealing typically involves the activation, forexample by pressure, of a cold-glue adhesive that has been pre-appliedto the edges of the packaging material. In practice, the packagingmaterial may be formed into a desired shape to include the food product.In order to seal the packaging material, the packaging material istypically passed through a sealing apparatus. The sealing apparatustypically applies pressure to the edges of the packaging material towhich the cold glue has been pre-applied. The pressure applied by thesealing apparatus activates the cold glue on the edges of the packagingmaterial, causing the edges of the packaging material containing thecold glue to adhere and seal the food product packaging. Cold glue basedsealing typically produces seals of sufficient strength for food productpackaging applications. A seal of sufficient strength for food productapplications is typically strong enough to hold the edges of thepackaging material together during transport and handling, but able tobe cleanly pulled apart by humans opening the package.

[0005] Unfortunately, the traditional cold glue based sealing methodincludes some significant drawbacks, including discontinuity andinterruptions in packaging. For example, a significant problemencountered in cold glue based sealing is the formation of defectiveseals. For example, a defective seal may occur when an inadequate amountof cold glue is pre-applied to the packaging material. When aninadequate amount of cold glue is pre-applied to the packaging materialthe edges of the packaging material may not completely adhere together.If the edges of the packaging material do not completely adheretogether, air may enter the package and have adverse effects on the foodproduct. Another problem that may occur with cold glue based sealing iswhen the pressure applied to the edges of the packaging materialincluding the cold glue is not sufficient to activate the cold glue.When the cold glue is not sufficiently or completely activated, theedges of the packaging material may peel away from each other, thuscompromising the integrity of the seal. Proper seal integrity is whenthere are no channels in the seal between the outside of the packagingand the inside of the packaging. When the integrity of the seal iscompromised, air enters the packaging and may negatively impact the foodproduct quality. Typically, costly protective barriers are inserted intothe laminated field. The barriers, or seals, are used to protect theintegrity of the product enclosed within the sealed package. However,the barriers may be wasted if channeling occurs.

[0006] A further drawback typical in cold glue based sealing is thatextremely precise alignment of the edges of the packaging material istypically required to form a proper seal. If the edges of the packagingmaterial are not precisely aligned when they pass through the sealingapparatus, air pockets or wrinkles in the packaging may form “channels”in the seal. Channels are gaps in the seal through which air can enterthe packaging material. As mentioned above, the introduction of air intothe packaging may negatively impact the quality of the food product.

[0007] An additional drawback to cold glue based sealing is that thecold glue may be sensitive to atmospheric changes in the processingplant. For example, if the temperature or humidity in the plant reachesa critical level, the cold glue may become partially activated, causingthe cold glue to adhere to an undesired surface, such as a roll or sheetfeeding the packaging material. When the cold glue is prematurelyactivated and adheres to an undesired surface, the overall speed of thepackaging process may be adversely affected, for example, by shutdown ofthe packaging process.

[0008] A further drawback of cold glue sealing is that cold glue sealingrequires that the packaging material be sealed with a fairly wide seal.For example, a cold glue seal may require a seal of 10-15 millimeters inorder to maintain the necessary integrity of the seal. Because a coldglue seal requires a relatively large seal, the seal requires asignificant proportion of the total packaging material required topackage the food product. Additionally, components of the system maybecome jammed during the packaging process. Thus, downtime in the systemmay occur due interruptions in the system.

[0009] The second traditional method of sealing food product packagingmaterials is thermal-based sealing. Typically, in thermal sealing, noadhesive is applied to the packaging material. Instead, the packagingmaterial is sealed by passing the packaging material between a heatedpair of jaws. The pair of jaws are typically heated using thermalconduction, for example, an electric current may be passed through aheating element mounted on the pair of jaws to heat the jaws. As theedges of the packaging material pass between the heated pair of jaws,the edges partially melt and adhere to each other.

[0010] Thermal sealing also suffers from a number of drawbacks. Forexample, thermal sealing is typically a relatively slow process comparedto glue-based sealing. Thermal sealing is slow because the edges of thepackaging material must be heated enough to melt to form a seal,requiring a relatively longer time. Thermal sealing may, however,provide some advantages to glue-based sealing. For example, a thermalseal may provide for greater seal integrity than provided usingglue-based sealing. However, thermal sealing is typically at least anorder of magnitude slower than glue-based sealing. Further, the glueseals typically are sensitive to the presence of food material in theseal area. The presence of food material within the seal area typicallydisrupts the seal. Thus, conventional packaging material sealingapplications are often forced to choose between integrity of the sealand speed of formation of the seal. Ultrasonic sealing may be employedto overcome some of the drawbacks inherent in cold glue-based sealing orthermal-based sealing. Typically, in ultrasonic sealing, ultrasonicenergy, instead of conductive heat or an adhesive, is applied to thepackaging materials to be sealed. The injection of ultrasonic energyinto the packaging material typically heats the packaging material,causing the packaging material to partially melt and adhere to form aseal.

[0011] Historically, ultrasonic welding was developed as an alternativeto welding technologies such as glue-based or thermal-based. Generally,ultrasonic welding has been employed in various applications for sometime. The use of ultrasonic welding is a well established tool forsealing applications such as thermoplastics, textiles, and morerecently, food product packaging sealing.

[0012] Typically, in processes for ultrasonic sealing of packagingmaterials, ultrasonic energy is applied to the packaging materials bypassing the packaging materials between an ultrasonically activated hornand a stationary or rotary anvil. A typical ultrasonic horn is made of ametallic material having good acoustic qualities, such as aluminum ortitanium. A typical anvil is also made of metallic material such assteel or aluminum and is positioned in opposition to the ultrasonic hom.Ultrasonic vibration in the horn is typically produced by supplyingoscillatory electrical energy from an external power supply to anelectromechanical transducer or converter, such as a piezoelectriccrystal, which transforms the electrical energy into mechanicalvibration. Typically, the mechanical vibration is then amplified by anamplitude transformer, or booster, to a predetermined operationalamplitude. The booster is typically directly connected to the ultrasonichorn and supplies the ultrasonic vibration employed by the ultrasonichom. Typically, the ultrasonic horn vibrates at between 20 Khz and 40Khz.

[0013] Typically, an ultrasonic seal is created when packaging materialis compressed between the ultrasonically activated horn and thestationary anvil or drum. The ultrasonically activated horn exertsultrasonic vibrational energy on the packaging material. The ultrasonicenergy causes the packaging material to heat. As the packaging heats,the packaging locally melts and adheres together along a patterntypically dictated by the design of the anvil. As the locally meltedpackaging cools upon leaving the horn and anvil, the packaging forms anultrasonic seal.

[0014] As mentioned above, ultrasonic sealing has many advantages overtraditional cold glue-based or thermal-based sealing. In comparison tocold glue sealing for example, ultrasonic sealing typically providesmore reliable seal integrity. More reliable seal integrity may beachieved using ultrasonic sealing because there is no adhesive beingused in the sealing. Therefore, the problems with adhesives such as aninadequate amount of pressure not sufficiently activating the cold glueare not found in ultrasonic sealing. Furthermore, adhesive-specificproblems such as channeling are not typically encountered in ultrasonicsealing. Typically, because ultrasonic sealing heats and melts thepackaging material together directly, the seal integrity is greater thanthat of cold glue. Another advantage in ultrasonic sealing of packagingmaterial as opposed to cold glue is that an ultrasonic seal is typicallymuch narrower than the seal width for cold glue. This reduction in theseal width may reduce the amount of packaging material required topackage a food product by reducing the proportion of the packagingmaterial used in to form the seal. The reduction in the amount ofpackaging material may lead to a reduction in overall conversion costsdue to reducing the total consumption of packaging material.

[0015] Ultrasonic sealing may also have a number of advantages overtraditional thermal-based sealing. A first advantage ultrasonic sealingmay have over thermal sealing is speed. The injection of ultrasonicenergy directly into the packaging material causes the packagingmaterial to melt and seal more quickly than thermal-based sealing.

[0016] As described above, ultrasonic sealing has been successfullyemployed to ultrasonically seal packaging materials. Ultrasonicallysealed packaging materials typically include three seals, a front endseal, a back end seal, and a longitudinal edge seal extending from thefront end seal to the back end seal. Typically, ultrasonic sealing maybe employed to seal either the front and back ends, or to seal thelongitudinal edge, although at least one system employs ultrasonic sealto seal both the ends and edges.

[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,982, entitled “Ultrasonic Sealing Apparatus”(the '982 patent) illustrates one apparatus for ultrasonic sealing ofthe longitudinal edges of a plastic film. As shown in FIG. 5 of the '982patent, the apparatus includes a forming structure 40, an anvil 44, andan ultrasonic horn 50. In operation, a plastic film 34 is supplied tothe forming structure 40. The forming structure 40 forms the plasticfilm 34 into a tubular shape with contiguous edges. The contiguous edgesof the plastic film 34 are then passed between an ultrasonic horn 50 anda stationary anvil 44. As the edges of the plastic film 34 pass betweenthe ultrasonic horn 50 and the stationary anvil 44, the edges areultrasonically sealed to form a longitudinal ultrasonic seal. After thelongitudinal ultrasonic seal is formed, the plastic film 34 remainsstationary while traditional glue or adhesive-based sealing techniquesform a front end seal and a back end seal. The apparatus of the '982patent provides for the intermittent, non-continuous sealing of thelongitudinal edges of the plastic film 34. Because of the intermittentmotion of the plastic film 34, the energy imparted to the plastic film34 by the ultrasonic horn 50 must be controlled.

[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 4,517,790, entitled “Apparatus and Method ForUltrasonic Sealing of Packages” (the '790 patent) illustrates a methodfor ultrasonic sealing the front ends and back ends of packagingmaterials. As shown in FIG. 1, the invention of the '790 patent includesan ultrasonic end-sealing assembly 46 including a packaging film F, aback up anvil 48 rotated by a rotary drive shaft 50, and an ultrasonichorn 52. In operation, the packaging film F is supplied to theultrasonic end-sealing assembly 46. The packaging film F is then passedbetween a single edge ultrasonic horn 52 and a single edge back up anvil48 to form an ultrasonic end seal. The packaging film F has already beenlongitudinally edge sealed. The single edge ultrasonic horn 52 movesvertically in an up-and-down motion in conjunction with the rotatingsingle edge back up anvil 48. That is, the ultrasonic horn 52 and backup anvil 48 are synchronized to draw towards each other at a specifiedtime, thus trapping the packaging film F and ultrasonically sealing thepackaging film F to form an ultrasonic end seal. The apparatus in the'790 patent only includes an ultrasonic end-sealing unit with a singleedge, vertically-moving ultrasonic horn and a single edge, rotating backup anvil.

[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 4,534,818, entitled “Method and Apparatus forUltrasonic Sealing” (the '818 patent) illustrates a method forultrasonically end sealing and ultrasonically longitudinally edgesealing packaging materials as part of a form and fill packagingmachine. With regard to longitudinal edge sealing, the method of the'818 patent operates substantially as described above with reference tothe '982 patent. With regard to end sealing, as shown in FIG. 1, themethod of the '818 patent includes an ultrasonic horn 12 mounted on anupper moveable jaw 16 and an ultrasonic anvil 14 mounted on a lowermoveable jaw 18.

[0020] In operation, packaging material is formed into a tubularconfiguration and an ultrasonically longitudinally edge sealed to formedge sealed packaging material as in the '982 patent. Next, theultrasonically edge sealed packaging material is passed between theupper and lower moveable jaws 16, 18. The upper and lower moveable jaws16, 18 then compress the packaging material. As the upper and lowermoveable jaws 16, 18 compress, the ultrasonic horn 12 mounted on theupper moveable jaw 16 compresses the packaging material between theultrasonic horn 12 and ultrasonic anvil 14. The ultrasonic horn 12injects ultrasonic energy into the packaging material to form anultrasonic end seal, as described above. The food packaging thus has nowbeen longitudinally edge sealed and front end sealed. After theultrasonic front end seal is created, a food product is introduced intothe edge sealed and front end sealed food package. Finally, the edgesealed and front end sealed food package containing the food product ispassed between the upper and lower moveable jaws 16, 18 to form a backend seal. To form the back end seal, the upper and lower moveable jaws16, 18 clamp down on the packaging material in a similar fashion to theformation of the front end seal. The ultrasonic horn 12 mounted to theupper moveable jaw 16 contacts the packaging material and injectsultrasonic energy to form an ultrasonic back end seal. Once the back endseal has been completed, the food product package containing foodproduct has been completely sealed. As in the apparatus of the '790patent, in the '818 patent, the edge seal and one end seal must becreated prior to introducing food product into the packaging.

[0021] As described above, one of the limitations of the prior artsystems is the inability to introduce a food product item without firstperforming a longitudinal edge seal and at least one end seal before.Systems such as those described above, that require product packaging tobe completely ultrasonically edge and end sealed, prior to introducingfood product into the sealed packaging may be less than optimal forother applications. For example, performing ultrasonic edge sealing andend sealing while intermittently introducing food products into thepackaging may limit the speed of the packaging process. Also,positioning food product inside the packaging without trapping any foodproduct in the seal may be difficult.

[0022] Thus, a need exists for a faster and more efficient food productpackaging system. Additionally, a need exists for a food productpackaging system that combines the speed of cold glue based sealing withthe seal strength and integrity of thermal based sealing. Also, a needexists for a continuous flow wrap system rather than a form and filltype packaging system.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention provide amethod and system for ultrasonically sealing food product packagingdirectly around a food product. A preferred embodiment of the presentinvention includes a food product packaging-positioning unit thatsupplies food product packaging and food product into a directon-item-packaging forming box. The direct on-item-packaging forming boxthen wraps the food product packaging directly over the top of the foodproduct. The food product packaging is wrapped completely around thefood product and forms overlapping ends in a vertically downward finorientation below the food product creating a partially packaged foodproduct. The partially packaged food product then preferably enters anultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit The food productpackaging is then ultrasonically fin-sealed around the supplied foodproduct prior to sealing the ends creating a partially sealed foodproduct packaging. The partially sealed food product packaging thenenters an ultrasonic end-sealing unit that ultrasonically end-seals andcrimps the partially sealed food product packaging around the foodproduct. This results in a continuous flow of individually packaged andfully ultrasonically sealed food product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024]FIG. 1 illustrates an ultrasonic food product packaging systemaccording to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025]FIG. 2 illustrates an ultrasonic food product packagingfin-sealing unit according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

[0026]FIG. 3 illustrates an ultrasonic food product packagingend-sealing unit according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

[0027]FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of the ultrasonic food productpackaging system according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

[0028]FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional front view of ultrasonicallyfin-sealed food product packaging around a food product.

[0029]FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view of an ultrasonicallyfin-sealed food product packaging around food products.

[0030]FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view and a side view of a directon-item-packaging forming box.

[0031]FIG. 8 illustrates two embodiments of infeed rollers of theultrasonic fin-sealing unit and three operational configurations for theinfeed rollers.

[0032]FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a rotating anvil wheel of theultrasonic fin-sealing unit and five operational configurations for therotating anvil wheel.

[0033]FIG. 10 illustrates three embodiments of a buffered ultrasonichorn.

[0034]FIG. 11 illustrates three embodiments of ultrasonic horn edges androtating anvil wheel configurations.

[0035]FIG. 12 illustrates a rotary anvil according to an alternativeembodiment to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary ultrasonic food product packagingsystem 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.The ultrasonic food product packaging system 100 includes a productpackaging-positioning unit 110, a food product conveyor system 120, anultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 130, and anultrasonic food product packaging end-sealing unit 140. The food productpackaging-positioning unit 110 includes a direct on-item-packagingforming box 116.

[0037] As further described below, the direct on-item-packaging formingbox 116 forms food product packaging around an unpackaged food product121 to form a partially packaged food product 118. The ultrasonic foodproduct packaging fin-sealing unit 130 fin seals the partially packagedfood product 118 to form a partially sealed food product packaging 122.The ultrasonic food product packaging end-sealing unit 140ultrasonically end seals the partially sealed food product packaging 122to form a fully sealed food product 124.

[0038] The food product conveyor system 120 carries the food productthrough the ultrasonic food product packaging system 100. The foodproduct conveyor system 120 extends from an upstream process such asfood product producing machinery (not shown) to a downstream process(not shown) through the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116,ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 130, and ultrasonicfood product packaging end-sealing unit 140. As mentioned above, at theentry to the food product packaging-positioning unit 110, the foodproduct carried by the food product conveyor system 120 is theunpackaged food product 121. As the food product conveyor system 120progresses, the material carried by the food product conveyor system 120becomes a partially packaged food product 118 after the directon-item-packaging forming box 116, a partially sealed food productpackaging 122 after the fin-sealing unit 130, and a fully sealed foodproduct 124 after the end-sealing unit 140.

[0039] In addition to the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116, thefood product packaging-positioning unit 110 includes a food productpackaging roll 112, food product packaging 113, and food productpackaging guidance rollers 114. The food product packaging roll 112 is aroll or spool of food product packaging 113. The food product packaging113 has not been treated with an adhesive or glue for use in sealing theproduct packaging. The food product packaging roll 112 supplies foodproduct packaging 113 to the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116via a series of food product packaging guidance rollers 114, as shown.The guidance rollers 114 assist in positioning the food productpackaging 113. Additionally, the guidance rollers 114 maintain the foodproduct packaging 113 at a desired tension as the food product packaging113 travels to the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116. Instead ofthe food product packaging roll 112, a sheet or web of food productpackaging 113 may be employed. The direct on-item-packaging forming box116 receives the food product packaging 113 and the unpackaged foodproduct 121 from the food product conveyor system 120.

[0040] The food product packaging fin-sealing unit 130 is furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 2. The food product packagingfin-sealing unit 130 is located after the direct on-item-packagingforming box 116 and before the ultrasonic food product packagingend-sealing unit 140 in the system progression.

[0041] The food product packaging end-sealing unit 140 is furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 3. The food product packagingend-sealing unit 140 is located after the food product packagingfin-sealing unit 130 in the system progression. After the food productpackaging end-sealing unit 140, the food product conveyor system 120 maydeliver the fully packaged food product 124 to a conveying system orother packaging system (not shown) that may group the fully packagedfood product 124 into plastic bags or cartons for shipping, for example.

[0042] In this preferred exemplary embodiment, the food product isformed bars of confectionery items, such as candy bars. The unpackagedfood products 121 are carried by the conveyor system 120 in a singlefile, inline column as shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, the unpackagedfood product 121 may be formed into shapes other than bars such asdrops, squares, or other preformed shapes. Other preferred embodimentsof the present invention may be applied to food products such as granolabars, snack cakes, or other food products, for example.

[0043] Referring again to the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116of the food product packaging-positioning unit 110, in operation, theunpackaged food product 121 is supplied to the direct on-item-packagingforming box 116 by the food product conveyor system 120. The foodproduct packaging 113 is also supplied to the direct on-item-packagingforming box 116 from the food product packaging roll 112. The directon-item-packaging forming box 116 folds the food product packaging 113around the unpackaged food product 121 to form a partially packaged foodproduct 118.

[0044] The direct on-item-packaging forming box 116 forms the partiallypackaged food product 118, in a number of steps. First, the directon-item-packaging forming box 116 folds the food product packaging 113over the top of the unpackaged food product 121. Next, the longitudinaledges of the food product packaging 113 are folded completely around andunder the unpackaged food product 121. Thus, the longitudinal edges ofthe food product packaging 113 are aligned in a generally downwardvertical alignment perpendicular to the food product conveyor system120. As shown in FIG. 5, the longitudinal edges of the food productpackaging 113 are then pressed together to form a partially packagedfood product 118 having a fin 540 comprised of the aligned, pressedlongitudinal edges. The partially packaged food product 118 is thendelivered to the ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 130by the food product conveyor system 120.

[0045] Referring now to the ultrasonic food product packagingfin-sealing unit 130, the fin-sealing unit 130 receives the partiallypackaged food product 118 having the fin 540 as further illustrated inFIG. 5. At the fin-sealing unit 130, the fin 540 is passed between anultrasonic fin-sealing horn 232 and a rotary anvil wheel 220 as furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 2. As the fin 540 passes betweenthe ultrasonic horn 232 and the anvil 220, ultrasonic energy is injectedinto the fin 540. The ultrasonic energy causes the longitudinal edges ofthe fin to seal together to form a fin seal 530. Once the fin 530 hasbeen sealed, the partially packaged food product 118 becomes a partiallysealed food product packaging 122. As shown in FIG. 1, the partiallysealed food product packaging 122 is fin-sealed as a continuous stripand is not sealed at either front or back ends. The partially sealedfood product packaging 122 is then delivered to the ultrasonicend-sealing unit 140 by the food product conveyor system 120.

[0046] Referring now to the ultrasonic end-sealing unit 140, theultrasonic end-sealing unit 140 receives the partially sealed foodproduct packaging 122. At the ultrasonic end-sealing unit 140, thepartially sealed food product packaging 122 is passed between anultrasonic end-sealing horn 315 and a rotary anvil 320. As furtherdescribed below with reference to FIG. 3, the partially sealed foodproduct packaging 122 is periodically compressed between the ultrasonicend-sealing horn 315 and rotary anvil 320. As the partially sealed foodproduct packaging 122 is compressed, ultrasonic energy is injected intothe partially sealed food product packaging 122. The ultrasonic energycauses the partially sealed food product packaging 122 to adhere, thusforming an end seal. The partially sealed food product packaging 122 iscontinuously advanced between the ultrasonic end-sealing horn 315 androtary anvil 320. After the end seal is formed, the fully sealed foodproducts 124 are then crimped and separated by a tool (not shown).

[0047] As described above, the fully sealed food products 124, are thendelivered to a downstream process (not shown) such as a furtherpackaging system, for example a Pick-and-Pack™ system.

[0048]FIG. 2 illustrates an ultrasonic food product packagingfin-sealing unit 200 according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. The ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 200includes a pair of infeed rollers 210, a rotating anvil wheel 220, aconnector band 225, an anvil servo drive, or pneumatic anvil actuator240, discharge rollers 250, fin fold down rollers 260, a drive motor270, and an ultrasonic unit 230. The ultrasonic unit 230 includes anultrasonic fin-sealing horn 232, an ultrasonic booster 234, and anair-operated slide 235. FIG. 2 also shows the partially packaged foodproduct 118 and the partially sealed food product packaging 122 of FIG.1.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic food product packagingfin-sealing unit 200 receives the partially packaged food product 118from the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116. As mentioned above,the partially packaged food product 118 includes the fin 540. The pairof infeed rollers 210 are positioned at the infeed of the fin-sealingunit 200. The infeed rollers 210 are preferably aligned horizontally andopposing each other and receive the fin 540 of the partially packagedfood product 118. After the infeed rollers 210, the partially packagedfood product 118 is passed between the ultrasonic fin-sealing horn 232of the ultrasonic unit 230 and the rotating anvil wheel 220. Theultrasonic fin-sealing horn 232 and the rotating anvil wheel 220 arepreferably aligned horizontally and opposing each other and receive thefin 540 of the partially packaged food product 118. The ultrasonicfin-sealing horn 232 and the rotating anvil wheel 220 operate inconjunction to seal the fin 540 to form a partially sealed food productpackaging 122. The rotating anvil wheel 220 is aligned by the anvilservo drive 240 during ultrasonic fin-sealing and rotated using theconnector band 225, as described below. After the fin-sealing horn 232and the rotating anvil wheel 220, the partially sealed food productpackaging 122 is passed between a pair of discharge rollers 250. Thepair of discharge rollers 250 are preferably aligned horizontally andopposing each other and receive the fin 540 of the partially sealed foodproduct packaging 122. The pair of discharge rollers 250 are rotated bythe drive motor 270. The discharge roller 250 adjacent to the rotatinganvil wheel 220 is connected to the rotating anvil wheel 220 by aconnector band 225. The connector band 225 causes the rotating anvilwheel 220 to rotate along with the discharge rollers 250. After the pairof discharge rollers 250, the partially sealed food product packaging122 is passed to the fin fold down rollers 260.

[0050] Alternatively, the rotating anvil wheel 220 may be stationary orthe rotating anvil wheel 220 may be a metal drum. In anotheralternative, instead of using rollers, the partially packaged foodproduct 118 may be advanced through the food product packagingfin-sealing unit 200 by a conveyor or a guidance track. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, instead of being alignedhorizontally opposing each other, the infeed rollers 210, dischargerollers 250, fin fold down rollers 260, and the ultrasonic unit 230 androtating anvil wheel 220, may be aligned vertically opposing each other.In the vertical embodiment, the partially packaged food product 118 maybe advanced through the system by a side conveyor.

[0051] In operation, the partially packaged food product 118 is suppliedto the ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 200 from thedirect on-item-packaging forming box 116 as described above with respectto FIG. 1. The partially packaged food product 118, having the fin 540,is pulled through the ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit200 by the discharge rollers 250, which are rotated by the drive motor270. As the partially packaged food product 118 enters the ultrasonicfood product packaging fin-sealing unit 200, the infeed rollers 210press the longitudinal edges of the partially packaged food product 118together, thus maintaining the fin's 540 downward orientation as shownin FIG. 5. The infeed rollers 210 then feed the fin 540 between therotating anvil wheel 220 and the ultrasonic fin-sealing horn 232.

[0052] As the fin 540 of the partially packaged food product 118 passesbetween the rotating anvil wheel 220 and the ultrasonic fin-sealing horn232, it is injected with ultrasonic energy from the ultrasonicfin-sealing horn 232. The injection of ultrasonic energy into the fin540 causes the longitudinal edges of the fin 540 to partially melt andadhere. The adherence of the longitudinal edges of the fin 540 forms anultrasonic fin-seal 530 resulting in a partially sealed food product122. During the ultrasonic fin-sealing, the anvil servo drive 240maintains a desired operational pressure and alignment of the rotaryanvil wheel 220 on the fin 540. Similarly, the air-operated slide 235maintains a desired operational pressure and alignment of the ultrasonicfin-sealing horn 232 against the opposing side of the fin 540.

[0053] After the partially packaged food product 118 is ultrasonicallyfin-sealed, the resulting partially sealed food product packaging 122passes between the discharge rollers 250. The discharge rollers 250 arerotated at a desired speed by the drive motor 270. The discharge rollers250 supply the partially sealed food product packaging 122 to the finfold down rollers 270. The fin fold down rollers 270 fold the fin seal540 up from its downward vertical alignment perpendicular to the bottomedge of partially sealed food product 122 to a horizontal position flushwith the bottom edge of the partially sealed food product 122. Afterpassing between the fin fold down rollers 260, the partially sealed foodproduct packaging 122 is supplied to the ultrasonic end-sealing unit 140as further described below in FIG. 3.

[0054]FIG. 3 illustrates an ultrasonic food product packagingend-sealing unit 300 according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. The ultrasonic food product packaging end-sealing unit 300includes an ultrasonic horn unit 310 including four ultrasonicend-sealing horns 315, a rotary anvil 320 including four raised edges322, an ultrasonic booster 330, a ballast booster 332, an ultrasonicconverter 340, and a rotary connector 350. FIG. 3 also shows thepartially sealed food product packaging 122 and a fully packaged andsealed food product 124 of FIG. 1.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic food product packagingend-sealing unit 300 receives the partially sealed food productpackaging 122 from the ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealingunit 200. At the infeed of the food product packaging end-sealing unit300 is the ultrasonic horn unit 310. In the preferred embodiment, theultrasonic horn unit 310 includes four ultrasonic horns 315. The fourultrasonic end-sealing horns 315 are preferably arranged at 90-degreerotational angles from each other around a center point on theultrasonic horn unit 310. The ultrasonic horn unit 310 is connected tothe ultrasonic booster 330, the ultrasonic converter 340, and theballast booster 332 by the rotary connector 350. The rotary connector350 provides connection and horizontal alignment along the same axis tothe ultrasonic booster 330, ultrasonic converter 340, ballast booster332, and ultrasonic horn unit 310.

[0056] The food product packaging end-sealing unit 300 also includes therotary anvil 320, which is positioned vertically below the ultrasonichorn unit 310. The ultrasonic horn unit 310 and the rotary anvil 320 arepreferably aligned vertically opposing each other and receive thepartially sealed food product packaging 122. The ultrasonic horn unit310 and rotary anvil 320 operate in conjunction to seal the ends of thepartially sealed food product 122 to form a fully sealed food product124. In the preferred embodiment, the rotary anvil 320 also has fouredges arranged at 90-degree rotational angles from each other around acenter point on the rotary anvil.

[0057] Alternatively, the ultrasonic horn unit 310 may contain more orless ultrasonic horns, for example, two or eight ultrasonic horns, andmay orient the ultrasonic horns at different angles. The number ofultrasonic horns and the angles depends on the desired product lengths.Alternatively, the rotary anvil 320 may also contain fewer or moreedges, for example, two or eight edges, and may orient the edges atdifferent angles.

[0058] In another alternative embodiment to the present invention, theultrasonic horn unit 310 and the rotary anvil 320 may be located in ahorizontally opposing alignment. In the horizontal embodiment, thepartially sealed food product packaging 122 may enter the ultrasonicfood product packaging end-sealing unit 300 with its fin on the side ofthe partially sealed food product 122. The ultrasonic horn unit 310 andthe rotary anvil 320 may then rotate along a horizontal axis andultrasonically end-seal the partially sealed food product 122.

[0059] In operation, the partially sealed food product packaging 122 issupplied to the ultrasonic food product packaging end-sealing unit 300from the ultrasonic food product packaging fin-sealing unit 200. Thepartially sealed food product packaging 122 then passes between theultrasonic horn unit 310 and the rotary anvil 320. The ultrasonicvibration of the ultrasonic horn unit 310 is preferably powered throughthe ultrasonic booster 330. The ultrasonic booster 330 amplifies avibration that it receives from the ultrasonic converter 340. Theultrasonic converter 340 converts an oscillatory electrical signal intovibration motion, for example, by employing a piezoelectric crystal.

[0060] In operation, the ultrasonically activated horn unit 310 and therotary anvil 320, rotate at similar rates. The rates of rotation of theultrasonically activated horn unit 310 and the rotary anvil 320 are suchthat the partially sealed food product packaging 122 is periodicallycompressed at the desired compressive force value between one of theultrasonic end-sealing horns 315 and one of raised edges 322 the rotaryanvil 320.

[0061] As the partially sealed food product packaging 122 is compressed,ultrasonic energy from the ultrasonic end-sealing horn 315 is injectedinto the partially sealed food product packaging 122. The ultrasonicenergy causes the partially sealed food product packaging 122 to 540 topartially melt and adhere, thus forming an end seal resulting in a fullysealed food product 124. In addition, the ends of the partially sealedfood product packaging 122 may be end crimped or separated to formindividual fully-sealed food products 124 as shown in FIG. 3. Theindividual fully-sealed food products 124 may be delivered to otherdownstream packaging machinery (not shown) such as a Pick-and-Pack™sorter for example, for sorting or further packaging the individualfully sealed food products 124.

[0062]FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart 400 of the ultrasonic food productsealing system according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. First, at step 410, the direct on-item-packaging forming box116 receives food product packaging 113. At step 420, the directon-item-packaging forming box 116 receives food product 121. Next, atstep 430, the food product packaging 113 is formed around the foodproduct 121 to form a partially packaged food product 118. Then, at step440, the partially packaged food product 118 is ultrasonicallyfin-sealed to form a partially sealed food product 122. At step 450, thefin seal of the partially sealed food product 122 is folded down. Next,at step 460, the partially sealed food product 122 is ultrasonicallyend-sealed to form a fully sealed food product 124. Finally, at step470, the front end and back end of the fully sealed food product 124 arecrimped and separated.

[0063]FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional front view 500 of theultrasonically fin-sealed partially sealed food product packaging 122according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The crosssectional front view 500 includes an exterior packaging 510, a enclosedfood product 520, an ultrasonic fin-seal 530, and a food productpackaging fin 540.

[0064] As illustrated in the cross sectional front view 500, theexterior packaging 510 has been folded directly over the top of theenclosed food product 520. The food product 520 may be of anycross-sectional area. For example, the cross-sectional area of the foodproduct 520 may be elliptical (as shown in FIG. 5), rectangular,triangular, circular, etc. The top of the exterior packaging 510 is indirect contact with the top of the enclosed food product 520. Theexterior packaging 510 is also folded completely around the enclosedfood product 520 resulting in a food product packaging fin 540 pointingvertically down below the enclosed food product 520. As shown, the foodproduct packaging fin 540 has been ultrasonically fin-sealed by theultrasonic fin-scaling unit 130, as described above, to form theultrasonic fin-seal 530.

[0065]FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional perspective view 600 of theultrasonically fin-sealed partially sealed food product packaging 122according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Thecross-sectional perspective view 600 includes a exterior packaging 610,enclosed food products 620, an ultrasonically produced fin-seal 630, anda product gap 650.

[0066] As illustrated in the cross-sectional perspective view 600, theexterior packaging 610 has been folded directly over the top of theenclosed food products 620. That is, the top of the exterior packaging610 is in direct contact with the top of the enclosed food products 620.The exterior packaging 610 has also been folded completely around theenclosed food products 620 and then ultrasonically fin-sealed to form anultrasonic fin-seal 630. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the product gap 650is spacing between the enclosed food products 620. In operation, theultrasonic end-sealing unit 140 of FIG. 4 operates on the exteriorpackaging 610 in the product gap 650. The ultrasonic end-sealing unit140 of FIG. 4 compresses, seals, and possibly crimps or separates theexterior packaging 610 in the product gap 650 to produce individuallysealed and wrapped food products 124 as described above with referenceto FIG. 3.

[0067]FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view 710 and a side view 750 of adirect on-item-packaging forming box 700. The perspective view 710includes the direct on-item-packaging forming box 700, the infeedrollers 210 of the ultrasonic fin-sealing unit 200, food productpackaging 113, and the food product conveyor system 120 carrying anunpackaged food product 121, and a partially packaged food product 118.

[0068] The side view 750 further illustrates the operation of directon-item-packaging forming box 700 as mentioned above. The side viewincludes the direct on-item-packaging forming box 700, the infeedrollers 210 of the ultrasonic fin-sealing unit 200, food productpackaging 113, and the food product conveyor system 120 carrying anunpackaged food product 121, and a partially packaged food product 118.

[0069] The direct on-item-packaging forming box unit 700 includes a pairof forming bars 715 and a pair of side forming plates 720. The pair offorming bars 715 are located at the infeed end of the directon-item-packaging forming box 700 and are connected to the pair of sideforming plates 720. The infeed rollers 210 are located directly afterthe pair of forming bars 710 in the system progression.

[0070] In operation, food product packaging 113 is supplied to thedirect on-item-packaging forming box unit 700 from the productpackaging-positioning unit 110 as described above in FIG. 1. The foodproduct packaging 113 is initially passed beneath the pair of formingbars 715 at the infeed of the direct on-item-packaging forming box unit700. The pair of forming bars 715 guide the food product packaging 113in a downward orientation between the pair of side forming plates 720.The pair of side forming plates 720 then form the food product packaging113 directly around the supplied unpackaged food product 121 in a numberof steps. At the first step, the food product packaging 113 is foldedover the top of the unpackaged food product 121. At the next step, thefood product packaging is wrapped around and under the unpackaged foodproduct 121. At the final step, the edges of the food product packaging113 aligned together under the unpackaged food product 121 in a downwardalignment forming a fin 540 underneath the unpackaged food productresulting in a partially packaged food product 118. The fin 540 of thefood product packaging is then passed between the infeed rollers 210 ofthe ultrasonic fin-sealing unit 200. The infeed rollers 210 pinch thefin 540 of the food product packaging 113 together and supply thepartially packaged food product 118 to the ultrasonic food productpackaging fin-sealing unit 130 where the partially packaged food product118 is ultrasonically fin-sealed as described above with regard to FIG.2.

[0071] The side view 750 of the direct on-item-packaging forming box 700further illustrates the food product packaging 113 passing beneath thepair of forming bars 715 in a downward orientation and in between thepair of side forming plates 720. As the food product packaging 113 ispassed between the pair of side forming plates 720, the fin 540 of thefood product packaging 113 is passed between the infeed rollers 210.

[0072]FIG. 8 illustrates two embodiments 800 of the infeed rollers 210of ultrasonic fin-sealing unit 200, including a grooved, or threadedinfeed roller 810 and a polyurethane-coated infeed roller 820. FIG. 8also includes three operational configurations for the infeed rollers210, a grooved-grooved, or threaded-threaded configuration 830, agrooved-polyurethane, or threaded-polyurethane coated configuration 840,and a polyurethane coated-polyurethane coated configuration 850.

[0073] The grooved infeed roller 810 includes the feeding grooves 815and a hollow center aperture 817. The feeding grooves 815 extend aroundthe circumference of the grooved infeed roller 810. The feeding grooves815 are oriented in a downward spiral. The grooved infeed roller 810also includes the center aperture 817 to allow for the connection of thegrooved infeed roller 810 to a rotating mechanism not shown.

[0074] The polyurethane-coated infeed roller 820 includes a smoothroller 823 with a center aperture 817, and a polyurethane coat 825.Polyurethane has been chosen for its ability to grip food productpackaging however other gripping substances such as rubber orlatex-based coating materials may be used instead. The polyurethane coat825 extends around the outer circumference of the smooth roller 823. Thepolyurethane coat 825 may be a relatively thin layer of one to fivemillimeters, for example.

[0075] The grooved-grooved configuration 830 includes two grooved infeedrollers 810. The two grooved infeed rollers 810 are mounted inopposition to each other at the entry of the food product packagingfin-sealing unit 200, as shown in FIG. 2. The two grooved infeed rollers810 are oriented so the feeding grooves 815 substantially mesh with anarrow gap between the two. In operation the fin of the food productpackaging (not shown) is passed between the two grooved infeed rollers810 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. The downwardorientation of the feeding grooves 815 serve to pull the edges of thefood product packaging in a downward motion around the unpackaged foodproduct. The downward pulling of the food product packaging edgesensures that the food product packaging is tightly wrapped around theunpackaged food product reducing the amount of air in the unpackagedfood product. The downward pulling of the feeding grooves 815 alsomaintains the alignment and presses together the food product packagingfin in preparation for ultrasonic fin-sealing thereby preventingunwanted slippage that may cause downtime in the system.

[0076] The grooved-polyurethane coated configuration 840 includes agrooved infeed roller 810 and a polyurethane-coated infeed roller 820.The grooved infeed roller 810 and the polyurethane-coated infeed roller820 are mounted in opposition to each other at the entry of the foodproduct packaging fin-sealing unit 200, as shown in FIG. 2. The groovedinfeed roller 810 is oriented so the feeding grooves 815 are directlyadjacent to the polyurethane-coated infeed roller 820 with a narrow gapbetween the two. In operation the fin of the food product packaging (notshown) is passed between the two infeed rollers as described above withreference to FIG. 1. The downward orientation of the feeding grooves 815of the grooved infeed roller 810 serves to pull the edge of the foodproduct packaging in a downward motion around the unpackaged foodproduct. The downward pulling of the food product packaging edge ensuresthat the food product packaging is tightly wrapped around the unpackagedfood product reducing the amount of air in the unpackaged food product.The downward pulling of the feeding grooves 815 also properly maintainsthe alignment and presses together the food product packaging fin inpreparation for ultrasonic fin-sealing.

[0077] The polyurethane coated-polyurethane coated configuration 850includes two polyurethane-coated infeed rollers 820. The twopolyurethane-coated infeed rollers 820 are mounted in opposition to eachother at the entry of the food product packaging fin-sealing unit 200,as shown in FIG. 2. In operation the fin of the food product packaging(not shown) is passed between the polyurethane-coated infeed rollers 820as described above with reference to FIG. 1.

[0078]FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a rotating anvil wheel 900 ofthe ultrasonic fin-sealing unit 200. The rotating anvil wheel 900includes an anvil body 903, heat dissipating apertures 905, a centeraperture 907, and an operational edge 909. FIG. 9 also includes fiveoperational configurations for the operational edge 909 of the rotatinganvil wheel 900, a flat energy director configuration 920, a roundedenergy director configuration 930, a female knurled-rounded energydirector configuration 940, a stacked round energy directorconfiguration 950, and a stacked radiused energy director configuration960.

[0079] The rotating anvil wheel 900 includes the anvil body 903 whichcontains the heat dissipating apertures 905 and a hollow center aperture907. The heat dissipating apertures 905 extend around the circumferenceanvil body 903. The hollow center aperture 907 is located in the centerof the anvil body 903 and allows for the connection of the rotatinganvil wheel 900 to a rotating mechanism (not shown). Located around theouter circumference of the anvil body 903 is the operational edge 909.The operational edge 909 extends around the entire outer circumferenceof the anvil body 903 and may be comprised of one of the fiveoperational configurations further described below.

[0080] In operation, an ultrasonic horn is positioned opposing therotating anvil wheel 900 as illustrated in FIG. 2. As the fin of thefood product packaging is passed between the ultrasonic horn and therotating anvil wheel 900, ultrasonic energy is injected into the foodproduct packaging between the ultrasonic horn and operational edge 909of the rotating anvil wheel 900. The injection of ultrasonic energy intothe food product packaging causes the material to partially melt andadhere as further described with reference to FIG. 2. While theoperational edge 909 of the rotating anvil wheel 900 may be smooth,other configurations utilizing an energy director may be employed. Anenergy director is typically a raised surface that protrudes above theoperational edge 909 of an anvil wheel. The energy director typicallyextends around the entire circumference of the anvil wheel and may beemployed in a number of configurations as further described below.Typically, when an energy director is employed in ultrasonic sealing,the ultrasonic energy is directed between the edge of the ultrasonichorn and the energy director only as opposed to the entire edge of theanvil. Thus, the utilization of an energy director results in the morefocused injection of ultrasonic energy into the food product packaging.

[0081] One energy director configuration which may be employed inultrasonic sealing is a flat energy director configuration 920. The flatenergy director configuration 920 includes the anvil body 903 and a flatenergy director 925. The number of flat energy directors 925, as well asthe space between and width of the flat energy director 925 may beadjusted depending on the desired number and width of ultrasonic seals.The use of a flat energy director 925 in ultrasonic sealing typicallyresults in relatively wide and smooth ultrasonic seal.

[0082] A second energy director configuration which may be employed inultrasonic sealing is a rounded energy director configuration 930. Therounded energy director configuration 930 includes the anvil body 903and a round energy director 935. The number of round energy directors935, as well as the space between and width of the round energy director935 may be adjusted depending on the desired number and width ofultrasonic seals. The use of a round energy director 935 in ultrasonicsealing typically results in relatively narrow ultrasonic seal comparedto the flat energy director 925. The rounding of the energy directorresults in a smaller contact area between the edges of packaging,material as they pass between the ultrasonic horn and round energydirector 935 on the rotating anvil wheel 900. The smaller contact arearesults in a narrower seal.

[0083] A third energy director configuration which may be employed inultrasonic sealing is a female knurled-rounded energy directorconfiguration 940. The female knurled-rounded energy directorconfiguration 940 includes the anvil body 903, a rounded energy director947, and a pair of female knurled energy directors 945. The femaleknurled energy directors 945 are typically flat energy directors with acrosshatched pattern cut into them. The cross hatch pattern in theknurled energy directors 945 results in a cross hatched ultrasonic sealin the food packaging material when it is passed between an ultrasonichorn and a rotating anvil wheel 900 containing female knurled energydirectors 945. The advantage of female knurled energy directors 945 overflat energy directors 925 or round energy directors 935 is strength. Anultrasonic seal formed using female knurled energy directors 945 aretypically stronger than an an ultrasonic seal formed using flat energydirectors 925 or round energy directors 935. However, the integrity ofthe seal using female knurled energy directors 945 is typically not asgood as the integrity of a seal created using flat energy directors 925or round energy directors 935. Therefore, female knurled energydirectors 945 may be used in conjunction with a round energy director935 as shown in female knurled-rounded energy director configuration940. The resulting ultrasonic seal formed by the female knurled-roundedenergy director configuration 940 has the strength benefits of thefemale knurled energy directors 945 as well as the high seal integrityof a round energy director 935.

[0084] A fourth energy director configuration which may be employed inultrasonic sealing is a stacked round energy director configuration 950.The stacked round energy director configuration 950 is comprised of ananvil body 903 and a number of round energy directors 955 stacked on topof each other. The stacking of round energy directors 955 results inmultiple ultrasonic seals.

[0085] A fifth energy director configuration which may be employed inultrasonic sealing is a stacked radiused energy director configuration960. The stacked radiused energy director configuration 960 includes ananvil body 903 and a number of radiused energy directors 965 stacked ontop of each other. The radiused energy directors 965 are similar to theround energy directors 955 except the radius of the energy director hasbeen either increased or decreased resulting in either a wider ornarrower surface of the energy director. The width of the ultrasonicseal of the radiused energy directors 965 depends on the radiusselected.

[0086]FIG. 10 illustrates three embodiments 1000 of a bufferedultrasonic horn including a flag assembly 1010, a cartridge assembly1020, and a direct on-horn buffer 1030. The flag assembly 1010 includesa rotating anvil wheel 1010, an ultrasonic horn 1017, a buffer flag1015, and a flag pin 1040. The rotating anvil wheel 1010 and ultrasonichorn 1020 are oriented as shown in FIG. 2. The buffer flag 1015 istypically made of Teflon, Kapton, or other buffering material. Thebuffer flag 1015 is attached to the flag pin 1040. The flag pin 1040 istypically located before the rotating anvil wheel 1010 and theultrasonic horn 1017 in the system progression. Buffering dissipates theheat energy through the seal area, thereby minimizing the risk ofperforation and damage to the seal. Further, buffering may optimize thesystem without the need for re-designing the system. That is, bufferingmay allow different packaging materials to be used within a system thatapplies different ultrasonic frequencies without the need forre-designing the system to compensate for the new packaging materialsand frequencies.

[0087] In operation, food product packaging is passed between therotating anvil wheel 1010 and the ultrasonic horn 1017 as previouslydescribed with reference to FIG. 2. However, in the flag assembly 1010,the buffer flag 1015 is placed between the edge of the ultrasonic horn1017 and the packaging material. The buffer flag 1015 serves to bufferthe ultrasonic energy injected into the packaging material from theultrasonic horn 1017. Utilization of the buffer flag 1015 results in themore even application of ultrasonic energy to the packaging material bybuffering out any spikes in the injection of energy. Further, bufferingresults in an intrinsically more robust seal.

[0088] The cartridge assembly 1020 includes a rotating anvil wheel 1010,an ultrasonic horn 1017, a buffer belt 1025, and belt rollers 1027. Therotating anvil wheel 1010 and ultrasonic horn 1020 are oriented as shownin FIG. 2. The cartridge assembly 1020 is typically made of Teflon,Kapton, or other buffering material. The buffer belt 1025 is wrappedaround the belt rollers 1027. The belt rollers 1027 are typicallylocated with one roller before the ultrasonic horn 1017 and one rollerafter.

[0089] In operation, food product packaging is passed between therotating anvil wheel 1010 and the ultrasonic horn 1017 as previouslydescribed with reference to FIG. 2. However, the buffer belt 1025 isplaced between the edge of the ultrasonic horn 1017 and the packagingmaterial. The buffer belt 1025 serves to buffer the ultrasonic energyinjected into the packaging material from the ultrasonic horn 1017. Thebuffer belt 1025 may be continuously or intermittently rotating aroundthe belt rollers 1027 depending on the durability of the bufferingmaterial and speed of the process.

[0090] The direct on-horn buffer 1030 includes a rotating anvil wheel1010 and a ultrasonic horn 1017 with a buffer 1035. The rotating anvilwheel 1010 and ultrasonic horn 1017 are oriented as shown in FIG. 2. Thebuffer 1035 is typically made of Teflon, Kapton, or other bufferingmaterial. The buffer 1035 is attached directly to the end of ultrasonichorn 1017 through a permanent bond or a temporary, replaceableself-adhesive patch. In operation, the direct on-horn buffer 1030operates substantially similarly to the flag assembly 1010 and thecartridge assembly 1020 with the exception that the buffer 1035 isdirectly attached to the ultrasonic horn 1017.

[0091]FIG. 11 illustrates three embodiments 1100 of ultrasonic hornedges and rotating anvil wheel configurations. The three embodiments1100 of ultrasonic horn edges and rotating anvil wheel configurationsinclude a straight-edge horn configuration 1110, a curved-edge hornconfiguration 1120, and a progressive gap curved-edge horn configuration1130. The straight-edge horn configuration 1110 includes a straight-edgeultrasonic horn 1117 and a rotating anvil wheel 1115. In operation, foodproduct packaging material passes between the straight-edge horn 1117and the rotating anvil wheel 1115 as previously described with referenceto FIG. 2.

[0092] The curved-edge horn configuration 1120 includes a curved-edgeultrasonic horn 1125 and a rotating anvil wheel 1115. In the curved-edgehorn configuration 1120, the edge of the curved-edge ultrasonic horn1125 meshes with the curvature of the rotating anvil wheel 1115. Inoperation, the meshing of the ultrasonic horn 1125 with the curvature ofthe rotating anvil wheel 1115 results in a larger surface area of thepassing food product packaging to be contacted by the rotary anvil 1115than in the straight-edge horn configuration 1110. In the straight-edgehorn configuration 1110, only the tip of the rotating anvil wheel 1115contacts the food product packaging. However in the curved edge hornconfiguration 1120, the food product packaging is contacted by a largerportion of the rotating anvil wheel 1115.

[0093] The progressive gap curved-edge horn configuration 1130 includesa progressive gap-edge ultrasonic horn 1135 and a rotating anvil wheel1115. The progressive gap curved-edge ultrasonic horn 1135 is morecurved at the infeed side and less curved at the outfeed side. Inoperation, as food product packaging passes between the rotating anvilwheel 1115 and the progressive gap-curved edge ultrasonic horn 1135, thefood product melts. The melting of the food product packaging results ina reduction in the thickness of the food product packaging. Theprogressive gap curvature results in the maximum contact and compressiveforce between the food product packaging and the rotating anvil wheel1115. At the infeed of the progressive gap curved-edge ultrasonic horn1135 and the rotating anvil wheel 1115 the gap is larger when the foodproduct packaging is thickest prior to melting. At the outfeed of theprogressive gap curved-edge ultrasonic horn 1135 and the rotating anvilwheel 1115 the gap is smaller when the food product packaging isthinnest after melting.

[0094]FIG. 12 illustrates a rotary anvil 1200 according to analternative embodiment to the present invention. The rotary anvil 1200includes an anvil body 1210 and anvil edge 1212 and an ultrasonic horn1250. The anvil edge 1212 includes a rounded energy director 1220, aseparating energy director 1230, and a female knurl 1240. The rotaryanvil is oriented as described above in FIG. 3. In operation, the rotaryanvil 1200 rotates in conjunction with the ultrasonic horn 1250 toultrasonically end-seal a food product packaging as previously describedin FIG. 3. As the food product packaging is contacted between the rotaryanvil 1200 and the ultrasonic horn 1250, the rounded energy director1120 and female knurl 1240 result in an ultrasonic seal as describe inFIG. 9. As the food product packaging is being ultrasonically sealed,the separating energy director 1230 cuts the food product packagingresulting in a separated food product package.

[0095] FIGS. 1-12 above illustrate a number of embodiments of thepresent invention. However, other alternative embodiments may becomeapparent to those skilled in the art. For example, in an alternativeembodiment of the present invention, instead of employing the foodproduct packaging roll 112, the food product packaging 113 may besupplied to the product packaging-positioning unit 110 as a flat sheetof food product packaging.

[0096] In a second alternative embodiment, instead of delivering theunpackaged food product 121 to the product packaging-positioning unit110 by using the food product conveyor system 120, the food productpackaging 113 may be advanced along a conveyor and the food product 121may be positioned on top of the food product packaging. For example, adropper, conveyor, or other device may deliver the food product 121 ontothe top of a flat sheet of the food product packaging 113. Thus, in thesecond alternative embodiment, the guidance rollers 114 are eliminated.Then, the direct on-item-packaging forming box 116 may then fold thefood product packaging 113 up and over the top of the food product priorto ultrasonically fin-sealing it, as opposed to folding the food productpackaging 113 down as in the preferred embodiment. After the ultrasonicfin-sealing, the system may be substantially similar to the preferredembodiment.

[0097] In a third alternative embodiment of the present invention, theultrasonic end-sealing unit 140 may seal, crimp, and separate the endsof the partially sealed food product packaging 122 after passingmultiple food product items, instead of after each individual foodproduct item. That is, instead of sealing each food product itemindividually, two or more food product items may be sealed in the samefully sealed food product 124.

[0098] In a fourth alternative embodiment of the present invention, theultrasonic end-sealing unit 140 may end seal each food product 121individually, but crimp or separate the food product packaging 113 afterpassing two or more pieces of food product 121. Therefore, while eachindividual food product 121 is sealed in its own packaging, two or morefood products 121 may be connected together in a convenient packaging.

[0099] While the invention has been described with reference to apreferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the artthat various changes may be made and equivalents may be substitutedwithout departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, manymodifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material tothe teachings of the invention without departing from its scope.Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to theparticular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include allembodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for ultrasonically end-sealing foodproduct packaging, said system including: a rotary anvil; and, arotating ultrasonically activated end-sealing horn operably positionedwith respect to said rotary anvil, said ultrasonically activatedend-sealing horn and rotary anvil operating in conjunction toultrasonically end-seal said food product packaging passing between saidultrasonically activated end-sealing horn and rotary anvil.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1 further including said ultrasonic end-sealing hornhaving four edges.
 3. The system of claim 1 further including saidrotary anvil having four edges.
 4. A method for ultrasonicallyend-sealing food product packaging, said method including the step of:end-sealing food product packaging by passing said food productpackaging between an operably connected rotary anvil and anultrasonically activated horn.
 5. The method of claim 4 furtherincluding end-sealing food product packaging by passing said foodproduct packaging between an operably connected rotary anvil and arotating ultrasonically activated horn.
 6. The method of claim 4 furtherincluding the food product packaging is continuously fed into saidultrasonic food product packaging end-sealing unit.
 7. The method ofclaim 4 further including a confectionery food product.